Osteoporosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition that makes bones weak and easy to break. Because bones lose strength over time, they can fracture even with minor falls. In fact, many people do not know they have osteoporosis until a bone breaks. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis is common, especially in older adults. For this reason, it is important to learn about osteoporosis symptoms and how to keep your bones healthy.

Common Symptoms

Often, osteoporosis does not cause symptoms in the early stages. However, as the disease progresses, you may notice signs. For example, you might experience:

Back pain, which may be caused by a broken bone in the spine

Loss of height over time

A stooped or hunched posture

Bone fractures that happen easily, even from minor bumps or falls

Because these symptoms can be subtle, it is important to pay attention to any changes in your body. If you notice any of these signs, you should talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Osteoporosis happens when the body loses too much bone or makes too little bone. As a result, bones become thin and fragile. Several factors can increase your risk of developing osteoporosis. For instance, you may be at higher risk if you:

Are over age 50

Are female, especially after menopause

Have a family history of osteoporosis

Have a small, thin body frame

Do not get enough calcium or vitamin D

Do not exercise regularly

Smoke or drink too much alcohol

Take certain medicines, such as steroids, for a long time

Additionally, some medical conditions, like rheumatoid arthritis, can raise your risk. Knowing these risk factors can help you take steps to protect your bone health.

Diagnosis Methods

Doctors use several methods to diagnose osteoporosis. First, they may ask about your medical history and risk factors. Next, they often recommend a bone density test. This test, called a DEXA scan, measures how strong your bones are. Because the test is quick and painless, it is a good way to find osteoporosis early. In some cases, your doctor may order blood tests to check for other causes of bone loss.

Treatment Options

There are many osteoporosis treatment options available. Your doctor will choose the best plan for you based on your needs. Common treatments include:

Medicines that slow bone loss or help build new bone

Calcium and vitamin D supplements

Exercise programs to improve strength and balance

Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and limiting alcohol

Because treatment works best when started early, it is important to follow your doctor’s advice. Regular check-ups can help track your progress and adjust your plan if needed.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

Even though osteoporosis can be serious, you can take steps to protect your bones. Here are some bone health tips to help prevent osteoporosis:

Eat foods rich in calcium, like dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified cereals

Get enough vitamin D from sunlight or supplements

Stay active with weight-bearing exercises, such as walking or dancing

Avoid smoking and limit alcohol use

Prevent falls by keeping your home safe and using handrails

In addition, regular check-ups can help catch bone loss early. If you live in areas with less sunlight, you may need extra vitamin D. Always talk to your doctor before starting new supplements or exercise routines.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to see a doctor if you notice any osteoporosis symptoms, such as sudden back pain, loss of height, or easy fractures. These should not be ignored. If you have risk factors for osteoporosis, ask Dr. Hemanth Nandipati about screening tests. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious problems.

For the best osteoporosis prevention and treatment, consult an orthopedic specialist. Dr. Hemanth Nandipati can guide you on how to keep your bones strong and healthy.